ABSTRACT
Objective The predictive value of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) for mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Chinese population is unclear. The aim of this present study was to compare MetS with its individual components as predictors of mortality in Chinese elderly adults. Methods A cohort of 1,535 subjects (994 men and 541 women) aged 50 years or older was selected from employees of a machinery factory in 1994 and followed until 2009. Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) predicted by MetS according to the harmonized definition and by its individual components. Results The baseline prevalence of MetS was 28.0% in men and 48.4% in women. During a median follow-up of 15 years, 414 deaths occurred, of these, 153 participants died from CVD. Adjusted for age and gender, the HRs of mortality from all-cause and CVD in participants with MetS were 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI): components. On evaluating the MetS components individually, we found that, independent of MetS, only hypertension and impaired glucose predicted higher mortality. Conclusions The number of positive MetS components seems no more informative than classifying (dichotomous) MetS for CVD risks assessment in this Chinese cohort.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prospective examine the relationship between smoking, quitting and mortality in older Chinese men by in Xi'an, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The design was a cohort analytic study. One thousand two hundred and sixty-eight retired male military veterans aged 60 or older were examined in 1987. At baseline, there were 388 never-smokers, 461 former smokers and 419 current smokers. Main outcome measure was all-cause and tobacco-associated mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Through 1999, 299 had died, 943 were alive and 26 lost. The mean follow-up time was 11 years and total person-year of follow-up was 14 163. After adjusting for age, blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alcohol intake, exercise and existing diseases, using Cox proportional hazard regression model, the relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for ever-smoking, deaths resulting from all causes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) were 1.34 (1.02 - 1.76), 3.23 (0.95 - 10.91), 2.31 (0.95 - 5.61) and 1.60 (0.81 - 3.19) respectively. The risks increased significantly with increasing amount and duration of smoking. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had lower risks of total mortality (excess risk reduction of 56%) and from CHD death (93%), but had higher risks for COPD death (excess risk increased 174%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Smoking is a major cause of death in older Chinese men and quitting can save lives. These results showing that higher risks of COPD death in former smokers with or without existing diagnosed COPD at baseline than those in current smokers could be explained by either the "healthy smoker effect" or the "ill quitter effect" or both. Early recognition of the significance of COPD symptoms followed by prompt quitting should be emphasized as strategies in the control of the growing tobacco epidemic.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Cohort Studies , Coronary Disease , Mortality , Lung Neoplasms , Mortality , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Mortality , Risk Factors , Smoking , Mortality , Smoking Cessation , Survival Rate , VeteransABSTRACT
The spleen cells from the BALB/C mouse immunized with the type B toxoid were fused with aNS-1 myeloma cell line. The superatant containing the hybridoma-formed cells with growing pores wasscreened by EL1SA, in which 66.7% the pores could secrete the specific antibodies against botulin.After a Subclonizing culture by the limiting dilution technique four hybridoma cell lines(3B10, 3B11, 3G12 and 4A5) were established and could secrete the specific antibodies persistently in the culture medium. in which antibody titers came to 10-3-10-5, while they were injected into the BALB/C mice intrape ritoneally ascites rich in antibodies with a titer of 10-5-10-8 was produced. The results testing the (our monoclonal antibodies with the type A and B toxoids showed that the antibodies of 3G12and 4A5 were specific for the type B toxoid, and those of 3B10 and 3B11 had light cross reaction with the type A toxoid. Identification of 1g showed that the antibodies of 3B10 and 3G12 were of IgG1, while those of 3B11 and 4A5 of IgG2. The chromosomal assay confirmed the four cell lines to be hybridoma. The neutroligation test in mice revealed that those four monoclonal antibodies did not show any protective effects on botulin.